- Convolution operation: filters, stride, padding, receptive field
- Pooling: max pooling, average pooling, global average pooling
- Batch normalisation, dropout, data augmentation
- Landmark architectures: LeNet, AlexNet, VGG, GoogLeNet/Inception, ResNet (skip connections), DenseNet
- Efficient architectures: MobileNet (depthwise separable convolutions), EfficientNet (compound scaling), ShuffleNet
- Transfer learning: feature extraction, fine-tuning pretrained backbones
- Visualising CNNs: activation maps, Grad-CAM, feature inversion